The containment structure of nuclear reactors is the most crucial barrier to releasing radioactive materials into the environment and protecting the reactor against external hazards such as earthquakes and floods. After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the safety of this structure in the earthquake has received much attention. Iran is also located in a region with high and very high seismic hazards and is essential. In this study, the seismic fragility curve of the containment structure of pressurized water reactors used in Bushehr has been determined by considering different failure modes. For this purpose, a computer model simulated in ABAQUS software and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) have been used. The finite element model has been validated using a lumped mass model. Different failure modes are defined in terms of critical stresses in concrete, rebar, tendons, and steel plate attached to the containment body. Critical points of containment have been identified in terms of these failures. Concrete materials fail at a lower acceleration than other materials. At peak ground accelerations of less than 0. 2 g, concrete remains elastic, and no cracks are formed,however, at peak ground accelerations of 2. 2 g to 2. 75 g, concrete cracks of more than 2 mm form, which allow the release of radioactive materials into the environment. The parameters of fragility, median acceleration capacity, and logarithmic standard deviation of median acceleration capacity were determined to be 2. 251 and 0. 155, respectively.

Containment schema is one of the most important image schemas indicating the presence of something inside something else. Through the experience of being placed in places with volumes, human presumes his body as a containment which can be placed into abstract containers and creates containment schema. From literary viewpoint, Sa' di is a realistic poet. This article has examined his realism within three containment schemas of head, eye and heart. Head schema reminds the conflict between reason and love. Love can be known as the representative of inferior people.The victory of love over wisdom is a metaphor representing the dominance of people on cruel kings, and it is regarded as a reflection of Sa' di's realism in his sensory and extrovert view, and his judging and thoughtful look. The orientation of conceptualization of schemas, indicating congruency of the lover's heart power with the beauty of the beloved, and the characteristics of Sa' di's sorrow refer to the universality of his heart.

As Bush get into power in 2001 and as the Conservative ruled his administration, the US administration's perception of the structure and nature of the international system and its dynamics was shaped by 9/11. These perceptions were theorized in the form of the Bush Doctrine, an inconsistent approach to the nature and structure of the post-Cold War international system, which resulted at first in a military invasion of Afghanistan and the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, and then a dramatic invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Under these circumstances, many thought that the next goal of the Bush administration is military action against the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has never been achieved. Relying on this inconsistency (intervening variable), this article addresses the issue of why the United States did not invade the Islamic Republic militarily after the Iraq war. This issue is examined in the strategic literature under the theory and strategy of deterrence. Accordingly, the hypothesis is that the increase in Iran's power and influence (independent variable) as the most important consequence of the Iraq war in US-Iranian relations led to the Bush administration preventing a military invasion of Iran (dependent variable). The finding of this study is to achieve a bifocal model of deterrence of Iran against US aggression.

IntroductionThe relationship between Iran and the United States has been turbulent, especially following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Both Democratic and Republican administrations have used different strategies to pressure Iran, making this one of the most complex relationships in international affairs. Examining this dynamic—particularly in light of major historical events like the 1953 coup and the post-1979 tensions—is a multi-layered challenge that goes beyond politics. It also involves sociology, economics, and security studies, reflecting the deep and evolving complexities of global power structures. However, over the years, scholars and analysts have studied the various strategies the U.S. has employed against Iran, identifying patterns of hostility. This paper focuses on the Biden administration’s approach, assessing how it builds on past U.S. policies while introducing its own methods in response to global changes.MethodologyThis study explores a key question: What framework defines the "Hybrid Containment" strategy used by the Biden administration against Iran? The main goal is to understand how the U.S. applies a mix of tactics to exert pressure on Iran. The research is both theoretical and practical, contributing to policy discussions while offering operational insights. It relies on documentary and library sources, combining deductive and inductive reasoning, and uses a descriptive-analytical approach for interpretation. Since the study is exploratory, it does not test specific hypotheses.Discussion and ResultsThe study finds that the Biden administration’s approach to Iran falls under the concept of "Hybrid Containment in a Complex Environment." This strategy reflects the unpredictable and deeply interconnected nature of economic, security, and social factors influencing global relations today. Because of this complexity, two key aspects—planning and exploitation —are essential. The U.S. aims not only to structure a containment strategy for Iran but also to take advantage of unexpected developments and interactions.Washington’s approach involves two main elements: deterrence (blocking Iran’s actions) and compellence (forcing Iran to comply). This strategy is shaped by broader shifts in global power dynamics, particularly the U.S. effort to manage its declining influence while countering emerging powers like China. Moreover, the foundation of U.S. policy toward Iran operates on two levels. The first level concerns Iran itself—its post-revolution identity and the nature of the Islamic Republic. The second level involves Iran’s geopolitical and economic significance, particularly its role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Russia’s access to southern trade routes. The Ukraine war has, in turn, increased Iran’s strategic importance in global trade.To counter Iran’s influence, the U.S. has adopted two key strategies:"Neither Negotiation nor Confrontation" – Keeping Iran in a frozen state diplomatically while minimizing its geopolitical relevance.Undermining the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic – Portraying Iran as ineffective and creating social divisions.Within these strategies, the U.S. and its allies employ various techniques. One common approach is gray-zone deterrence, applying pressure below the threshold of open war to limit Iran’s ability to respond. Specific tactics include:Expanding economic sanctions, disrupting Iran’s oil exports, and interfering with financial transactions.Supporting a network of terrorist groups and regional allies—including India, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Israel—as a counterweight to Iran’s axis of resistance and China’s Belt and Road Initiative.Using media and psychological tactics to weaken Iran’s domestic unity, polarizing society, and questioning the future of the resistance movement.ConclusionThe Biden administration’s Iran strategy reflects a blend of historical precedents and modern geopolitical shifts. Its hybrid containment model operates within a deeply interconnected global environment, balancing deterrence with strategic exploitation. The U.S. aims to limit Iran’s regional influence while shaping a global order that preserves American power in an era of rising competition.